The streaming-music business has been heating up of late, with the much-hyped entrance of Apple Music, the launch of a new streaming service from Google and continued moves by Spotify, but Pandora remains the grandaddy of the industry—at least for now. Despite all the competition, the company has managed to grow both its subscriber base and the money it makes from advertising, but its losses also continue to grow, and that is likely to keep the company’s share price under pressure.
The problem for Pandora (P) is similar to that facing other streaming music services, especially those that are using a large free tier to appeal to casual users and convince them to sign up for a paid account. In order to get as broad a reach as possible in such a hyper-competitive market, Pandora has to keep spending more and more to get the artists and music that listeners want, and in order to get Google and other platforms to promote its service.
All of that costs money, substantially more than Pandora is making either from subscriptions or from music-related advertising—and in fact, that gap is increasing. In its most recent quarter, for example, the company had revenues of $285 million, up 30% over the same quarter a year earlier, but the company’s net loss for the quarter was almost 40% higher than that year-earlier period, at $16 million. The culprit, as in the previous quarter, was higher sales and marketing expenses.
Investors seemed enthusiastic about Pandora’s revenue growth when it announced its results on Thursday, and the fact that adjusted earnings (excluding stock-based compensation and other expenses) hit $0.05 per share, sharply higher than the consensus estimate of $0.02 per share. The stock was up by as much as 11% in after-hours trading following the earnings report.
That after-hours jump was a change from the general trend when it comes to Pandora’s share price, however. The stock has fallen by more than 50% in the past year, as investors have grown increasingly skeptical about the company’s ability to control its costs and remain competitive, especially with giants such as Apple (AAPL) and Google (GOOG) entering the market. Neither had much effect on Pandora’s results in the most recent quarter because they are still being rolled out.
Despite having the largest streaming music user base, with more than 80 million listeners (about 4 million of whom pay for the service monthly), Pandora isn’t the most valuable music service. That honor goes to Spotify, which has an estimated market value of about $8 billion, compared with Pandora’s market cap of just $3 billion. Why? Because while Spotify has fewer users overall, with about 75 million, it has a larger number of paying customers, at about 20 million.
On the company’s earnings conference call, CEO Brian McAndrews hinted at the hyper-competitive nature of the music market. “Monetizing free audio is a fantastically difficult problem to solve, and we are the only ones who have done it,” he said. “We intend to move aggressively to build on that over the coming year.”
Pandora wants to build on its market lead in part by becoming more than just a streaming-music service, McAndrews said. The company also wants to become a platform that connects artists and record labels not just to users but to information about those users and what they like—which is why the company acquired a music-analytics startup called Next Big Sound earlier this year.
McAndrews said his long-term goal is to have Pandora become “an indispensable partner for the music industry.” The only problem, of course, is that there are at least five other significant players who would like to do the exact same thing, and many of them have far deeper pockets than Pandora does.
