Discussing his latest book, “The Euro: How a Common Currency Threatens the Future of Europe,” the Columbia Business School don told the Reuters Global Markets Forum that Europe’s already weak banking systems could face capital outflows.

Here are edited excerpts from the discussion:

Q: What is wrong with the euro?

A: The idea was driven by politics – by the desire to further European integration. The hope was that a single currency would lead to more prosperity, that in turn would lead to more solidarity, and in a virtuous circle, to more integration.

But the politics wasn’t strong enough to create the institutions that would make a single currency work. So the euro was flawed at birth. The best of economic wizards could not have made the system work. But the economic policies have made matters worse.

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Q: What will be the signs to look for of unraveling?

A: If a party committed to a referendum does well in the polls, it could trigger capital outflows, putting the banking system into jeopardy.

Best of all would be for Europe to reform the eurozone — “finish” the project, introduce quickly a banking union, most importantly common deposit insurance, a solidarity fund to help countries facing a crisis, a commitment by surplus countries to “inflate” their economies slightly, rather than forcing deficit countries to deflate, eurobond, shift from austerity to growth.

Q: Will we see fiscal policy take over from monetary policy in rich countries?

A: I am optimistic about the effectiveness of fiscal policy, especially investments in infrastructure, technology, and higher and pre-school education.

I do not worry (too much) about moral hazard. We have such an infrastructure deficit that it will be easy to find high-return projects. The EIB and other development banks like CAFE have a very impressive record.

QE has provided some limited stimulus to the economy, but at a cost–the risk of asset bubbles, an increase in inequality (poor retirees depending on T-bill returns have been hurt, rich owners of equities have been helped), and an encouragement for firms to invest in capital intensive technologies, making a “jobless” recovery more likely.

That’s why I think it imperative that we switch to fiscal policy.