“It’s apparent that a lot of this industry is a race to the bottom,” said Trench, a Rhode Island entrepreneur who’s been operating remote-controlled aircraft for more than a decade.

Three years after federal regulators began allowing commercial drone flights, the fever to cash in has turned into a pitched battle for business. Prices for collecting airborne data have plummeted amid a flood of competition equipped with cheap, hi-tech aircraft that practically fly themselves. That’s pressuring operators, while handing customers new opportunities for affordable drone inspections, pictures and other services.

The challenge for providers is to figure out how to profit. Companies are rushing to carve out turf in an industry that’s convulsed by fast-paced breakthroughs in sensor capabilities and machine learning, while at the same time being throttled by slowly evolving regulation focused on keeping the skies safe.

General Electric (GE), Intel (INTC), Verizon Communications (VZ), and well-funded startups including PrecisionHawk and Airware are among drone companies vying with scrappy, low-overhead entrepreneurs that helped give birth to the industry. They’re fighting over a pool of customers still limited by laws restricting unmanned aircraft to short daytime flights below 400 feet.

Shakeout Begins

If smaller drone pioneers want to survive the shakeout, they’ll have to figure out how to compete in a field increasingly tilted toward larger companies with deep pockets that can buy expertise to build their business more quickly.

PrecisionHawk bought Droners and AirVid last year to build out its network of pilots. Airware, a drone software services company, purchased a French data analytics firm called Redbird. Measure, a drone specialist backed by business intelligence consultant Cognizant Technology Solutions, purchased Pilatus Unmanned and Helivideo Productions to expand its offerings in film and engineering.

More companies may fall out if their business model depends on the Federal Aviation Administration allowing long-distance flights. Drones are currently restricted to flying within sight of their human pilots, and companies that are more limited under current rules are likely to run out of cash before the agency makes any significant change, said Brad Declet, chief executive officer of Measure.

Smarter, Cheaper

Drones are enabling industrial companies to slash 25% off the cost of infrastructure inspections, which in the past required humans flying planes and helicopters, or dangling in harnesses beneath bridges. The price charged for a drone inspection of an industrial site has dropped to about $5,000 — a third of what it was two years ago, said Alex Trepper, who founded GE’S new venture, Avitas Systems.

Trepper estimates that the “intelligent inspection” market for the power, rail, aviation and oil-and-gas industries currently tops $27 billion globally, with the new business of analyzing the collected data adding another $20 billion.

Even with prices dropping, the sheer size of the market is attracting lots of people into the business to offer basic services like roof inspections or aerial photography,” said Phil Finnegan, an industry consultant with the Teal Group. “There are very low barriers to entry.”

Technology itself is proving to be one of the biggest competitive threats. As drones become more automated and easier to operate, some would-be customers are deciding to buy their own aerial robots to fly themselves.

Expanding Scope

That’s driving companies such as Avitas to think beyond the aircraft. “We’re much more interested in the data and data analytics,” Trepper said.

Avitas plans to offer automated data analysis to detect corrosion and cracks in surveys of infrastructure like storage tanks — and even predict where a railroad track might fail, Trepper said. The startup also can leverage its parent’s market clout by offering its services to GE’s customers.

Measure is rolling out a franchise of trained pilots to win work that includes inspections, law enforcement support and filming sport events. Data analysis is done at the company’s Washington, D.C., headquarters.

The company aims to create a recognized brand capable of fending off low-ball pricing from one-person outfits that can jump into the business for less than $1,000 — the cost of a small drone and a remote pilot’s license, said Declet, Measure’s CEO.

“Having a highly skilled pilot at the controls is important when you’re inspecting a $15 million wind turbine or you’re flying over a newly commissioned solar farm,” Declet said. “No one wants to take any risks when it comes to aircraft falling or crashing into critical infrastructure.”

Rethinking Strategy

Small outfits like that of Trench’s operation in Rhode Island are adjusting, too. His answer is to relaunch his drone business as Vertspec, a provider of low-cost inspections for infrastructure like mobile-phone towers, wind farms and power transmission lines.

Trench, 37, who started building his own drones as a hobby 16 years ago, is taking advantage of increased automation to reduce the cost of hiring operators. To compete with the big companies, he’s subcontracting for data analysis to third-party software companies.

“I have lower overhead than they do and I’m more agile on development,” Trench said. “The large companies up in the castles might be surprised when they get undercut by small ones.”