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An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

An hour in the Oval Office with President Trump Fortune Editor-in-Chief: Alyson Shontell sat down with President Trump in the Oval Office for an hour. Tariffs, Intel, AI, Boeing, Iran—and the question every CEO eventually has to answer: who's next?

NewslettersCEO Daily

The 1994 regulatory loophole that led to Jamie Dimon’s First Republic coup

By
Claire Zillman
Claire Zillman
and
Alan Murray
Alan Murray
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By
Claire Zillman
Claire Zillman
and
Alan Murray
Alan Murray
Down Arrow Button Icon
May 2, 2023, 4:17 AM ET
Jamie Dimon's JPMorgan Chase took over floundering First Republic Bank on Monday, May 1, 2023.
Jamie Dimon's JPMorgan Chase took over floundering First Republic Bank on Monday, May 1, 2023. Marco Bello—Bloomberg via Getty Images

Good morning.

JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon dominates the American financial world like no one has since, well, J.P. Morgan.  

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It was the bank’s namesake who became de facto central banker and bailed out the U.S. financial system in the panics of 1893 and 1907. His protégé Thomas Lamont tried to play a similar role in 1929, although with less success. And of course, Dimon himself starred in the 2008 crisis, buying both Bear Stearns and then Washington Mutual. So no one should be surprised it was Dimon who stepped up this week to buy the operations of failing First Republic Bank.

For a brief time, the first J.P. Morgan was a target of Teddy Roosevelt’s trust-busting efforts. But in the end, he escaped largely unscathed. Why? Presumably because the powers-that-be decided he was more valuable as a friend than a foe. Dimon is now benefitting from a similar dynamic.

As Shawn Tully explains in this must-read Fortune piece, the federal law passed in 1994 allowing interstate banking limited the total share of the nation’s deposits that any one bank could hold to 10%. But that cap only applies to acquisitions. Since 2014, the nation’s three largest banks—JPMorgan, Bank of America and Wells Fargo—have all been over the threshold, in part because of their acquisitions in the last financial crisis, and therefore prohibited from buying other banks. JPMorgan’s share of deposits, prior to this purchase, stood at over 16%. But the 1994 act also included a loophole for banks rescuing other banks about to be shut down by the FDIC. And voila! JPMorgan’s coup.

Unlike the 2008 acquisitions, which happened as the financial problems were still gathering steam, this one seems to mark the end of the action. “I think the banking system is very stable,” Dimon declared in his comments. “This part of the crisis is over.” But it leaves JPMorgan bigger than ever, and Dimon as the man to see in a financial crisis.

More news below.


Alan Murray
@alansmurray

alan.murray@fortune.com

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AROUND THE WATERCOOLER

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A feared tech ‘earnings apocalypse’ hasn’t happened. But Apple and Nvidia could shake things up by Alexei Oreskovic

Microsoft chief scientific officer Eric Horvitz says few aspects of humanity will be replaced by A.I. by Jessica Mathews

This edition of CEO Daily was edited by Claire Zillman. 

This is the web version of CEO Daily, a newsletter of must-read insights from Fortune CEO Alan Murray. Sign up to get it delivered free to your inbox.

About the Authors
Claire Zillman
By Claire ZillmanEditor, Leadership
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Claire Zillman is a senior editor at Fortune, overseeing leadership stories. 

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