“After consultation with members of the Corporation, it has become clear that it is in the best interests of Harvard for me to resign so that our community can navigate this moment of extraordinary challenge with a focus on the institution rather than any individual,” Gay wrote in a statement. 

Her exit is a dramatic about-face from her acclaimed start in July as Harvard’s first Black president. Even as recently as Dec. 12, she enjoyed the unanimous backing of Harvard Corp., the university’s governing council. Since then, however, new questions have surfaced about her academic work, and a donor revolt over the school’s handling of antisemitism has only worsened. 

“It has been distressing to have doubt cast on my commitments to confronting hate and to upholding scholarly rigor—two bedrock values that are fundamental to who I am—and frightening to be subjected to personal attacks and threats fueled by racial animus,” Gay said in the letter written to members of the Harvard community. She will remain a member of the faculty.

The Harvard Corp., led by Penny Pritzker, said in its own statement that provost and chief academic officer Alan Garber will become interim president and it will undertake a search for a new leader. The letter made reference to Gay’s acknowledgment of “missteps,” but also said she’s faced “repugnant and in some cases racist vitriol” through emails and phone calls.

The Harvard Crimson first reported that Gay would resign on Tuesday, after fresh allegations of plagiarism were reported in the Washington Free Beacon. 

Gay’s abrupt downfall, the second departure in recent weeks of an Ivy League president, underscores the furor on campus following the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas on Israel. 

Opposition to Gay had been building for weeks in the wake of the attack by Hamas, which is designated a terrorist group by the US and European Union. One of her predecessors as Harvard president, Larry Summers, criticized the university for not speaking out after more than 30 student groups blamed Israel solely for the violence. Gay subsequently condemned the “terrorist atrocities.”

At the same time, however, another controversy had started to swirl around Gay fueled by articles first reported in conservative-leaning media questioning whether she had committed plagiarism.

Allegations of wrongdoing in research are among the most serious in academia. Stanford University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne announced his resignation in July after months of scrutiny of his scientific work that began with reports in the school’s student newspaper.

In August, he retracted two papers — flawed brain studies from 2001 that had been cited hundreds of times by other scientists, a sign of their acceptance as important scholarship. Tessier-Lavigne remains a faculty member at Stanford. A special committee of Stanford’s board – which included Harvard Corp. member and former Princeton President Shirley Tilghman— began the review of allegations of research misconduct in December 2022. 

In backing Gay on Dec. 12, Harvard Corp. said it had examined her work as a political scientist and found “a few instances of inadequate citation” but no violation of Harvard’s research standards.

Gay’s standing worsened Dec. 20 when Harvard found two more examples of “duplicative language without appropriate attribution.”

In addition, a US House of Representatives committee, which had already announced an investigation of antisemitism at Harvard, widened its focus to include the school’s handling of the plagiarism allegations against Gay. Committee Chair Virginia Foxx, a North Carolina Republican, sent a letter to Pritzker and asked Harvard for a response by Dec. 29. The school later received more time to reply. 

Gay’s position took a major blow at a hearing that the House committee had held on Dec. 5 about antisemitism on US campuses. Gay, along with the presidents of the University of Pennsylvania and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, gave much excoriated testimony in which they failed to condemn calls for genocide against Jews as a violation of university policy during a House hearing on Dec. 5.

The presidents’ evasive and legalistic responses to questions from lawmakers, particularly Representative Elise Stefanik, a New York Republican and Harvard alumna, drew widespread outrage. Video clips of the exchanges went viral on social media.

Gay later apologized in an interview with the Crimson, saying calls for violence or genocide against the Jewish community, or any religious or ethnic group, are “vile” and “have no place at Harvard.”

Penn President Liz Magill resigned four days after the hearing. Board Chair Scott Bok also stepped down. MIT’s Sally Kornbluth received strong support from her board.

Stefanik said Gay’s decision today was “long overdue.”

“Claudine Gay’s morally bankrupt answers to my questions made history as the most viewed congressional testimony in the history of the US Congress,” Stefanik, a Harvard alum, said on Tuesday. “Her answers were absolutely pathetic and devoid of the moral leadership and academic integrity required of the president of Harvard.”

Even before the hearing, however, many big donors were rethinking their commitments to Harvard, the oldest and richest US university. Billionaires such as Idan Ofer and Leslie Wexner pulled their support, while many less wealthy alumni also curtailed donations.

Hedge fund manager Seth Klarman and US Senator Mitt Romney, who are both alumni, accused the university of ignoring the safety of Jewish students as pro-Palestinian protests on campus intensified amid Israel’s invasion of Gaza. Investor Bill Ackman demanded Gay’s resignation and almost daily posted or reposted criticisms. On Tuesday, he wrote a cryptic reference to MIT’s Kornbluth.

Gay is the daughter of Haitian immigrants and earned her Ph.D. at Harvard in 1998. After teaching at Stanford, she returned to Harvard in 2006 as a professor of government.

She held a number of administrative positions, including dean of Harvard’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences, before being named president. Gay is a scholar of political behavior, considering issues of race and politics in America.

Gay took the reins at the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based school on July 1, two days after the Supreme Court ruled against the university in a case that effectively banned race in undergraduate admissions.

“When my brief presidency is remembered, I hope it will be seen as a moment of reawakening to the importance of striving to find our common humanity—and of not allowing rancor and vituperation to undermine the vital process of education,” Gay said in the statement.