“My great-great-grandfather started a manufacturing business back in the day,” said Goel. “He was a physics teacher, an educator, and decided he wanted to build lab equipment.”

About a century later, Goel was growing up across the street from his family’s factory, which produces beakers and microscopes. His parents and grandparents all worked in the business, and they were “all pretty entrepreneurial.”

“I think the best—and certainly biggest—times used to be shipping days, when all the stuff used to get put into trucks and shipped, because they were exporting to Europe and the U.S.,” said Goel. “That was actually pretty fun, because you had all these boxes, then you put them all in trucks, very neatly stacked up.”

From an early age, Goel was drawn to the optimization and precision that drive global goals—then as a fascination, now as a mission. Today, Goel is the CEO of Cartesia, a startup developing real-time generative AI models focused on voice AI. Cartesia emerged from Stanford’s AI Lab in 2023, cofounded by Goel and fellow researchers Arjun Desai, Brandon Yang, and Albert Gu. Also on the founding team—Chris Ré, a Stanford professor, a prominent figure in AI, and a MacArthur “Genius.”

“I feel like a lot of my decisions are driven by the people that I work with, not necessarily by the work they’re doing,” said Goel. “I figure, if you’re around really smart, interesting people, you generally end up doing pretty amazing things. That was how I ended up working with [Chris Ré] for my PhD. That’s how I met my current cofounders, because all of them actually were his PhD students. We became friends and started working together. And when we graduated, we started this company.”

Over the last two years, as the AI boom reached new highs and AI technology progressed, Cartesia has also grown. Now, Cartesia has raised a $64 million Series A led by Kleiner Perkins, Fortune has exclusively learned. Index Ventures, Lightspeed, A*, Factory, and Greycroft also participated in the round, along with others like Dell Technologies Capital and Samsung Ventures. The startup has now raised $91 million in total and counts Quora, Cresta, and Rasa among its customers. Cartesia’s latest audio model, Sonic, now is being used by more than 10,000 customers. 

Sonic has cut latency—the delay between a system’s input and output—from 90 to 45 milliseconds, Goel told Fortune. Cartesia’s AI models, he said, are designed to tackle core inefficiencies in modern AI, reducing computational costs while enabling the model to handle data on a large scale. Translation: The goal is for customers to be able to use AI for as much as possible, even and especially as they grow. Goel sees a wide range of use cases, from customer support to digital avatars, and is likely to only see more, as 2025 is expected to be a turning-point year for voice AI.

“Moving forward, voice is going to be such an important medium of communication,” said Goel. “That’s how you communicate with businesses. That’s how you will communicate with computers. That’s how you communicate with robots eventually.”

Voices are nuanced. What makes a voice sound human? Do you want it to? How do you ensure the technology isn’t misused? Voice AI has been meeting technological breakthroughs recently, and is both art and science. Cartesia’s name is drawn from René Descartes, the 17th-century mathematician and philosopher known for the principle “I think, therefore I am” and his polymathic contributions to analytic geometry. 

“Cartesian coordinates are very core to mathematics,” said Goel. “A lot of our work is very deeply mathematical.”

At the same time, there’s an art to avoiding the uncanny valley—when an avatar or CGI creation looks or sounds human, but misses the mark in small (but massively unsettling) ways.

“You can have a video, but if the voice doesn’t sound authentic and natural, the whole thing feels robotic,” said Goel. “A single word can communicate a lot of meaning.”

AI may seem worlds away from Goel’s great-great-grandfather’s factory, but they’re actually built on similar foundations—precision, innovation, and the people who bring them to life. Whether stacking beaker-filled boxes in a truck or fine-tuning a voice model, tiny details—and the right colleagues—make a world of difference.

See you tomorrow,

Allie Garfinkle
X: @agarfinks
Email: alexandra.garfinkle@fortune.com
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VENTURE DEALS

- Zolve, a Houston-based fintech provider for migrants, raised $51 million in Series B funding. Creaegis led the round and was joined by HSBC, SBI Investment, GMO VenturePartners, DG Daiwa Ventures, and existing investors Accel, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Sparta Group, and DST Global Partners.

- Trust & Will, a San Diego-based estate planning platform, raised $25 million in Series C funding. Moderne Ventures led the round and was joined by Northwestern Mutual Future Ventures, UBS Next, Erie Strategic Ventures, and others.

- DG Matrix, a Raleigh, N.C.-based electric grid management services provider, raised $20 million in funding from Clean Energy Ventures, ABB, Cerberus Ventures, and others.

- Tomo Mortgage, a Stamford, Conn.-based digital mortgage lender, raised $20 million in Series B funding from Progressive Insurance and existing investors Ribbit Capital, DST Global, and NFX.

- AvatarOS, a Los Angeles-based 3D virtual avatar developer, raised $7 million in seed funding. M13 led the round and was joined by Andreessen Horowitz Games Fund, HF0, Valia Ventures, and Mento VC.

- Liminal Experiences, a Los Angeles-based UGC gaming company, raised $5.8 million in seed funding from BITKRAFT Ventures, Riot Games, OTK Media Group, and angel investors.

- Uthana, a Los Angeles-based 3D character animation generative AI platform, raised $4.3 million in funding. IA Ventures led the round and was joined by A16Z Speedrun, Acequia Capital, Cursor Capital, and others.

- pgEdge, an Alexandria, Va.-based distributed PostgreSQL solutions provider, raised $4 million in funding from Akamai Technologies, Qube Research & Technologies, and existing investors Rally Ventures and Sands Capital.

- Unvale, a Chicago-based creative social platform, raised $1.8 million in pre-seed funding from Antler, Graham & Walker, Ganas Ventures, and others.

PRIVATE EQUITY

- Knox Lane acquired a majority stake in HighGround Restoration Group, an Irving, Texas-based emergency residential restoration services provider. Financial terms were not disclosed.

- An affiliate of New Water Capital Partners acquired Dutch Gold Honey, a Lancaster, Pa.-based honey producer. Financial terms were not disclosed.

- An affiliate of Peak Rock Capital acquired BrightStar Group, a Chicago-based home care services franchisor. Financial terms were not disclosed.

OTHER

- Rocket Companies agreed to acquire Redfin, a Seattle-based real estate services provider, for $12.50 per Redfin share in an all-stock transaction, or $1.75 billion of equity value.

- Quantum Systems acquired AirRobot, an Arnsberg, Germany-based drone company. Financial terms were not disclosed.

FUNDS + FUNDS OF FUNDS

- Pamlico Capital, a Charlotte-based private equity firm, raised $1.8 billion for its sixth fund focused on communications, healthcare IT, information services, and other sectors.

- Fusion Fund, a Palo Alto-based venture capital firm, raised $190 million for its fourth fund focused on enterprise AI, healthcare, and industrial automation.

PEOPLE

- CapitalG, the San Francisco-based growth fund of Alphabet, promoted James Luo to general partner.

- Northrim Horizon, a Mesa, Ariz.-based permanent capital investment firm, added Crawford Gates as a principal. Previously, he was at KKR.

- RTP Global, a London-based venture capital firm, added Thomas Cuvelier as a partner. Previously, he was at Alven.