Instead of building epic models that aim to accomplish all feats, businesses looking to cash in on the AI gold rush should consider pivoting towards focused models that are designed for specific tasks. By attacking a singular problem with a fresh solution, innovators can create powerful, novel models that require fewer parameters, less data, and less compute power.

With billions upon billions of dollars being spent on AI engineering, chips, training, and data centers, a smaller form of AI can also allow the industry to progress more safely, sustainably, and efficiently. Furthermore, it is possible to deliver this potential in various manners— through services atop commodity generalist models, retrieval-augmented systems, low-rank adaptation, fine-tuning, and more.

What’s so bad about big AI?

Some tech enthusiasts may cringe at the word “small,” but when it comes to AI, small does not mean insignificant, and bigger is not necessarily better. Models like OpenAI’s GPT-4, Google’s Gemini, Mistral AI’s Mistral, Meta’s Llama 3, or Anthropic’s Claude cost a fortune to build, and when we look at how they perform, it’s not clear why most businesses would want to get into that game to begin with. 

Even as big players monopolize the field, their sexy, headline-making generalized foundational models seem to perform well enough on certain benchmarks, but whether this performance generalizes to actual value in terms of increased productivity or similar remains unclear.

In contrast, focused AI that answers specific use cases or pain points is cheaper, faster, and easier to build. That’s because successful AI models rely on high-quality, well-managed, and ethically sourced data, along with an understanding of how all that data impacts model performance. With this challenge integral to why over 80 percent of AI projects fail, training a more focused model requires fewer parameters and much less data and compute power.

This is not an argument for green AI but for bringing some realism back into the AI hype cycle. Even if the model itself is a large proprietary one, the tighter the focus, the smaller and more manageable the number of possible outputs to consider becomes. With less token length, models optimized for a specific task can run faster and be highly robust and more performant, all while using less data.

Delivering small AI does not need to be constraining

With AI in agriculture already valued at more than $1 billion annually, innovators like Bonsai Robotics are unlocking new efficiencies by optimizing the technology to tackle specific use cases. Bonsai employs patented AI models, powerful data, and computer-vision software to power autonomy systems for plucking and picking in harsh environments. While Bonsai’s algorithms rely on massive datasets that are being continuously updated, with its narrow focus, this physical AI trailblazer was tapped as AgTech Breakthrough’s Precision Agriculture Solution of the Year.

Even Big Tech players are working to focus their AI offerings with smaller, more powerful models. 

Microsoft currently uses OpenAI’s GPT-based technology to power Copilot, a suite of smaller AI tools built into its products. These models are more focused on software, coding, and common patterns, allowing them to be more easily fine-tuned than the general ChatGPT and better at generating personalized content, summarizing files, recognizing patterns, and automating activities via prompts.

With OpenAI projecting big returns when it releases PhD-level ChatGPT agents, the ideal is that one day, we will all have our own agents—or AI assistants—that use our personal data to act on our behalf without prompts. It’s an ambitious future, notwithstanding the privacy and security concerns. 

While the jump from where we are now to where we could be going seems to be a huge one, building it piece by piece is a clear, lower-risk approach than assuming a massive monolith is the answer.

AI innovators who home in on specificity can build a growing, nimble team of expert models that increasingly augment our work instead of one costly, mediocre assistant who is fat with parameters, eats massive data sets, and still doesn’t get it right. 

How small AI will keep the bubble from bursting 

By creating lighter computing infrastructures that focus on the right data, businesses can fully maximize AI’s potential for breakthrough results even as they cut down the immense financial and environmental costs of the technology. 

Amid all the hype around AI and the behemoth Big Tech models fighting for headlines, the long arc of innovation has always relied on incremental, practical progress. With data at the heart of the models that are indeed changing our world, small, focused AI promises faster, more sustainable, and cost-effective solutions—and in turn, offers both investors and users some much-needed ROI from AI.

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