When it comes to aging science, there’s a dearth of data to help scientists understand how cells and organs in the body age, and how differences in gender, ethnicity, and environment can affect the aging process, said panelists at the Fortune Global Forum in Riyadh this week.  

“Data is the key. The depth of biological data, the depth of demographical data, the depth of epidemiological data has to be properly collected,” said HRH Princess Dr. Haya bint Khaled bin Bandar Al Saud, senior vice president of research at Hevolution Foundation, a nonprofit that focuses on aging science. But the current health care framework means the net we’re casting to collect data isn’t wide enough, she said.

“Screening usually happens when people get older. But what we are trying to do—all of us sitting here—is understand the biology of aging so that we can intervene as early as possible,” Dr. Haya bint Khaled bin Bandar Al Saud said. “No one can say how young we should start screening for aging. But aging starts at a very young age, it’s not when you hit 60.”

Hevolution is working closely with scientists and biotech companies to advance drug discoveries focused on “healthspan”—reducing age-related diseases—and on accelerating consumer access to these advances. 

Many labs today are using AI to speed up the drug discovery process and make more bets. Alex Zhavoronkov, founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine, said he has 30 AI-based projects underway that are specifically chosen for their “dual purpose” potential.

“We’re looking for protein targets and drugs that may work on a disease and work on aging at same time,” Zhavoronkov said. The first AI-discovered drug that gets approved to fight a disease and subsequently is able to demonstrate credible reversal of aging biomarkers in a real clinical trial will be a major milestone, he said.

“There is a lot of evidence suggesting we are on the cusp of major scientific discoveries in aging research,” Zhavoronkov said. “I don’t think you should expect to see multiple dramatic miracles in the next 10 years, but in the next 20 years … We are going to have many many dramatic events.”

Sophie Smith, founder and CEO of NABTA Health, said that large language AI models have the potential to unlock important knowledge and insight in aging science. But as AI plays a bigger role, the importance of filling in “data gaps” becomes even more critical. 

Up until 1993, for example, clinical trials involved only male participants, and the vast majority of trials today take place in Europe and the U.S., she said. That means fewer than 1% of clinical trial participants today are women of Middle East, South Asian, and African origin, Smith said.

That’s especially problematic for aging science given that men and women age differently. Smith noted that a current assumption in aging science is that if a person lives to be 80 years old, 60 of those years may be healthy, and the last 25% will be in relatively ill health. 

“But this assumption only applies to men,” Smith said. Women typically spend the middle 60% of their lives in relatively ill health, owing to hormonal changes, diagnostic delays, and other factors, and the last 30% of their lives in relatively good health. 

So research and advances in aging science need to take into account that for women “it’s not about extending life, it’s about reclaiming it.”