Xi has said he would seek to “further enhance” ties with Brasilia when he meets counterpart Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, host of the G20 summit that closed in Rio Tuesday.

The bilateral comes as China is looking with trepidation to a future after U.S. President Joe Biden, with whom Xi had led efforts to ease tensions over issues from trade to Taiwan.

Trump, who will be sworn in on Jan. 20, has signaled a confrontational approach to Beijing, threatening tariffs of up to 60% on imports of Chinese goods.

China and Brazil have sought to position themselves as leaders of the Global South at a time of great global uncertainty, with wars in Ukraine and the Middle East.

“The Global South is on a collective rise,” Xi wrote in an article published in Brazilian media ahead of his visit.

Both China and Brazil have sought to mediate in the Ukraine war while declining to sanction fellow BRICS member Russia for its invasion.

Value-added exports

China is Brazil’s biggest trading partner overall, with two-way commerce exceeding $160 billion last year.

Xi looked forward to talks with Lula “on further enhancing China-Brazil relations, promoting synergy of the two countries’ development strategies, international and regional issues of common interest,” state news agency Xinhua forecast.

Brazil, in turn, will push for increasing exports of value-added products, said secretary for Asia Eduardo Paes.

The South American agricultural power sends mainly soybeans and other primary commodities to China, while the Asian giants sells it semiconductors, telephones, vehicles and medicines.

Since returning to power last year, Lula has sought to balance efforts to improve ties with both China and the United States.

A visit to Beijing this year by Vice President Geraldo Alckmin was seen as paving the way for Brazil to join China’s Belt and Road Initiative to stimulate trade—a central pillar of Xi’s bid to expand China’s clout overseas.

South American nations that have signed up include Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Xi inaugurated South America’s first Chinese-funded port while in Lima last week for an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, where he also met with Biden.

The port opening prompted senior US officials to warn Latin America to be vigilant of Chinese investment.

“We encourage Brazil and our allies in general to evaluate with open eyes the risks and benefits of a rapprochement with China,” U.S. State Department spokeswoman Natalia Molano told AFP.

Wednesday’s meeting between the leaders of the second- and seventh-most populated countries of the world, comes as Brazil and China mark 50 years of diplomatic ties.

Evan Ellis, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, told AFP Lula will likely discuss with Xi how to adjust their economic relationship “to give more advantage to Brazilian companies.”

He would also be interested “in seeing how Brazil can continue to posture itself as an international player in the context of a possibly diminished U.S. role in Latin America and globally” under Trump.

To address trade imbalance concerns, China “will need to make good on its commitment to supporting re-industrialization,” added Margaret Myers of the Inter-American Dialogue think tank.