Google believes it is doing well because scarce advertising dollars continue to flow to search and because it keeps improving its search engine. (Google made 300-plus  search-quality improvements during 2008, says the company’s product pooh-bah Jonathan Rosenberg.) Microsoft, in comparison, can’t shoot straight online. Earlier in the day the company reported that its online unit’s operating loss had doubled to $471 million on flat revenue.

Google’s got almost $16 billion in cash now, compared with $28 billion for Apple (AAPL) and about $21 billion for Microsoft (which has given back oodles to its shareholders in the form of special dividends). Google ended the year with 20, 222 employees (one of whom is my wife), up about 100 people from the previous quarter. That’s a sea change for the company that previously couldn’t recruit people fast enough. (Larry Page, who likes to review every hire, must be at least a little relieved by this.)

If there was anything at all notable about Google’s results and comments to investors during an end-of-day conference call, it is the curious prudence that has crept into its collective voice. Google always used to say it was careful about costs and thoughtful about how it managed its resources. That was well understood to be code language for: “We spend willy nilly — wouldn’t you? — and we’re willing to try just about anything. Our core business is that good.”

Things have changed a bit. Credit this with new CFO Patrick Pichette, who has been at Google only six months and is carefully deciding where — and where not — to push. You can hear the tension in his own conflicting statements. “We have a lot of flexibility within our model,” he said Wednesday, meaning Google easily can cut more costs when it wants or needs to. And then, “We are managing this business for the long term. The mindset of the company is a growth company.” That latter comment signals Google will continue to invest and spend on things that may never see a return, just as powerful risk-taking concerns should — despite the professed commitment to prudence.

So where does the more measured behavior manifest itself? I’ve already noted the hiring halt. Capital expenditures declined 19% from the third quarter to $368 million. This is a huge deal in Googledom as capex goes primarily to data centers and other hardware that make the Google search engine hum.

One last item of note. Google is offering employees the opportunity to exchange underwater stock options for newly priced options due to the stock price having been hammered. (The only catch in the exchange is that employees will have to wait an additional 12 months before selling re-priced options.) The stock price is  currently around $300, compared with $700 in late 2007. The number of shares eligible for exchange is about 3% of the shares outstanding, and the exchange will result in a charge to earnings of $460 million over a five-year period.

One must re-phrase this last bit in English: Google is transferring almost half a billion dollars in wealth from shareholders to employees, and for what ….? Motivation and retention, says Google. This a well known farce, as old as the Valley, which tells itself first that it offers generous stock options as a form of incentive and then, when share prices plummet, moves the ball so its employees, whose incentives apparently didn’t work (as if the stock price were under their control) can be re-incentivized. Retention? Would someone please tell me where the average Google employee is going to go right now?

In conclusion, and as the headline says, Google is in good shape. Not fantastic. But plenty damn good. It’s also becoming more and more like other technology companies in so many ways.